5 files changed, 491 insertions, 4 deletions
diff --git a/src/audio/spectral_brush.cc b/src/audio/spectral_brush.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6eb64d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/audio/spectral_brush.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+// This file is part of the 64k demo project.
+// It implements the "Spectral Brush" primitive for procedural audio generation.
+// Implementation of Bezier curves, vertical profiles, and spectrogram rendering.
+
+#include "spectral_brush.h"
+
+#include <cmath>
+
+// Sample rate constant (matches demo audio configuration)
+static const float SAMPLE_RATE = 32000.0f;
+
+// Evaluate linear Bezier interpolation between control points
+float evaluate_bezier_linear(const float* control_frames,
+                              const float* control_values,
+                              int n_points,
+                              float frame) {
+  if (n_points == 0) {
+    return 0.0f;
+  }
+  if (n_points == 1) {
+    return control_values[0];
+  }
+
+  // Clamp to first/last value if outside range
+  if (frame <= control_frames[0]) {
+    return control_values[0];
+  }
+  if (frame >= control_frames[n_points - 1]) {
+    return control_values[n_points - 1];
+  }
+
+  // Find segment containing frame
+  for (int i = 0; i < n_points - 1; ++i) {
+    if (frame >= control_frames[i] && frame <= control_frames[i + 1]) {
+      // Linear interpolation: value = v0 + (v1 - v0) * t
+      const float t =
+          (frame - control_frames[i]) / (control_frames[i + 1] - control_frames[i]);
+      return control_values[i] * (1.0f - t) + control_values[i + 1] * t;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Should not reach here (fallback to last value)
+  return control_values[n_points - 1];
+}
+
+// Home-brew deterministic RNG (LCG algorithm)
+uint32_t spectral_brush_rand(uint32_t seed) {
+  // LCG parameters (from Numerical Recipes)
+  // X_{n+1} = (a * X_n + c) mod m
+  const uint32_t a = 1664525;
+  const uint32_t c = 1013904223;
+  return a * seed + c;  // Implicit mod 2^32
+}
+
+// Evaluate vertical profile at distance from curve center
+float evaluate_profile(ProfileType type, float distance, float param1, float param2) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case PROFILE_GAUSSIAN: {
+      // Gaussian: exp(-(dist^2 / sigma^2))
+      // param1 = sigma (width in bins)
+      const float sigma = param1;
+      if (sigma <= 0.0f) {
+        return 0.0f;
+      }
+      return expf(-(distance * distance) / (sigma * sigma));
+    }
+
+    case PROFILE_DECAYING_SINUSOID: {
+      // Decaying sinusoid: exp(-decay * dist) * cos(omega * dist)
+      // param1 = decay rate
+      // param2 = oscillation frequency (omega)
+      const float decay = param1;
+      const float omega = param2;
+      const float envelope = expf(-decay * distance);
+      const float oscillation = cosf(omega * distance);
+      return envelope * oscillation;
+    }
+
+    case PROFILE_NOISE: {
+      // Random noise: deterministic RNG based on distance
+      // param1 = amplitude scale
+      // param2 = seed
+      const float amplitude = param1;
+      const uint32_t seed = (uint32_t)(param2) + (uint32_t)(distance * 1000.0f);
+      const uint32_t rand_val = spectral_brush_rand(seed);
+      // Map to [0, 1]
+      const float normalized = (float)(rand_val % 10000) / 10000.0f;
+      return amplitude * normalized;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0.0f;
+}
+
+// Internal implementation: Render Bezier curve with profile
+static void draw_bezier_curve_impl(float* spectrogram,
+                                    int dct_size,
+                                    int num_frames,
+                                    const float* control_frames,
+                                    const float* control_freqs_hz,
+                                    const float* control_amps,
+                                    int n_control_points,
+                                    ProfileType profile_type,
+                                    float profile_param1,
+                                    float profile_param2,
+                                    bool additive) {
+  if (n_control_points < 1) {
+    return;  // Nothing to draw
+  }
+
+  // For each frame in the spectrogram
+  for (int f = 0; f < num_frames; ++f) {
+    // 1. Evaluate Bezier curve at this frame
+    const float freq_hz =
+        evaluate_bezier_linear(control_frames, control_freqs_hz, n_control_points, (float)f);
+    const float amplitude =
+        evaluate_bezier_linear(control_frames, control_amps, n_control_points, (float)f);
+
+    // 2. Convert frequency (Hz) to frequency bin index
+    // Nyquist frequency = SAMPLE_RATE / 2
+    // bin = (freq_hz / nyquist) * dct_size
+    const float nyquist = SAMPLE_RATE / 2.0f;
+    const float freq_bin_0 = (freq_hz / nyquist) * dct_size;
+
+    // 3. Apply vertical profile around freq_bin_0
+    for (int b = 0; b < dct_size; ++b) {
+      const float dist = fabsf(b - freq_bin_0);
+      const float profile_val = evaluate_profile(profile_type, dist, profile_param1, profile_param2);
+      const float contribution = amplitude * profile_val;
+
+      const int idx = f * dct_size + b;
+      if (additive) {
+        spectrogram[idx] += contribution;
+      } else {
+        spectrogram[idx] = contribution;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Draw spectral brush (overwrites spectrogram content)
+void draw_bezier_curve(float* spectrogram,
+                       int dct_size,
+                       int num_frames,
+                       const float* control_frames,
+                       const float* control_freqs_hz,
+                       const float* control_amps,
+                       int n_control_points,
+                       ProfileType profile_type,
+                       float profile_param1,
+                       float profile_param2) {
+  draw_bezier_curve_impl(spectrogram, dct_size, num_frames, control_frames, control_freqs_hz,
+                         control_amps, n_control_points, profile_type, profile_param1,
+                         profile_param2, false);
+}
+
+// Draw spectral brush (adds to existing spectrogram content)
+void draw_bezier_curve_add(float* spectrogram,
+                            int dct_size,
+                            int num_frames,
+                            const float* control_frames,
+                            const float* control_freqs_hz,
+                            const float* control_amps,
+                            int n_control_points,
+                            ProfileType profile_type,
+                            float profile_param1,
+                            float profile_param2) {
+  draw_bezier_curve_impl(spectrogram, dct_size, num_frames, control_frames, control_freqs_hz,
+                         control_amps, n_control_points, profile_type, profile_param1,
+                         profile_param2, true);
+}
diff --git a/src/audio/spectral_brush.h b/src/audio/spectral_brush.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3125f35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/audio/spectral_brush.h
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+// This file is part of the 64k demo project.
+// It implements the "Spectral Brush" primitive for procedural audio generation.
+// Spectral brushes trace Bezier curves through spectrograms with vertical profiles.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+// Profile types for vertical distribution around central Bezier curve
+enum ProfileType {
+  PROFILE_GAUSSIAN = 0,            // Smooth harmonic falloff
+  PROFILE_DECAYING_SINUSOID = 1,   // Resonant/metallic texture
+  PROFILE_NOISE = 2                // Random texture/grit
+};
+
+// Evaluate linear Bezier interpolation at given frame
+// control_frames: Array of frame positions for control points
+// control_values: Array of values at control points (freq_hz or amplitude)
+// n_points: Number of control points
+// frame: Frame number to evaluate at
+// Returns: Interpolated value at frame (linearly interpolated between control points)
+float evaluate_bezier_linear(const float* control_frames,
+                              const float* control_values,
+                              int n_points,
+                              float frame);
+
+// Draw a spectral brush stroke onto a spectrogram
+// Traces a Bezier curve through time-frequency space with a vertical profile
+// spectrogram: Output buffer (dct_size × num_frames), modified in-place
+// dct_size: Number of frequency bins (e.g., 512)
+// num_frames: Number of time frames
+// control_frames: Frame positions of Bezier control points
+// control_freqs_hz: Frequency values (Hz) at control points
+// control_amps: Amplitude values at control points (0.0-1.0 typical)
+// n_control_points: Number of control points (minimum 2 for a curve)
+// profile_type: Type of vertical profile to apply
+// profile_param1: First parameter (sigma for Gaussian, decay for sinusoid, amplitude for noise)
+// profile_param2: Second parameter (unused for Gaussian, frequency for sinusoid, seed for noise)
+void draw_bezier_curve(float* spectrogram,
+                       int dct_size,
+                       int num_frames,
+                       const float* control_frames,
+                       const float* control_freqs_hz,
+                       const float* control_amps,
+                       int n_control_points,
+                       ProfileType profile_type,
+                       float profile_param1,
+                       float profile_param2 = 0.0f);
+
+// Additive variant of draw_bezier_curve (adds to existing spectrogram content)
+// Use for compositing multiple profiles (e.g., Gaussian + Noise)
+// Parameters same as draw_bezier_curve()
+void draw_bezier_curve_add(float* spectrogram,
+                            int dct_size,
+                            int num_frames,
+                            const float* control_frames,
+                            const float* control_freqs_hz,
+                            const float* control_amps,
+                            int n_control_points,
+                            ProfileType profile_type,
+                            float profile_param1,
+                            float profile_param2 = 0.0f);
+
+// Evaluate vertical profile at given distance from central curve
+// type: Profile type (Gaussian, Decaying Sinusoid, Noise)
+// distance: Distance in frequency bins from curve center
+// param1: First profile parameter
+// param2: Second profile parameter
+// Returns: Profile amplitude at given distance (0.0-1.0 range typically)
+float evaluate_profile(ProfileType type,
+                       float distance,
+                       float param1,
+                       float param2);
+
+// Home-brew deterministic RNG for noise profile
+// Simple linear congruential generator (LCG) for small code size
+// seed: Input seed value
+// Returns: Pseudo-random uint32_t value
+uint32_t spectral_brush_rand(uint32_t seed);
+
diff --git a/src/generated/assets_data.cc b/src/generated/assets_data.cc
index a29680f..0b2daba 100644
--- a/src/generated/assets_data.cc
+++ b/src/generated/assets_data.cc
@@ -369584,7 +369584,7 @@ static const float ASSET_PROC_PARAMS_NOISE_TEX[] = {1234.000000, 16.000000};
 
 static const char* ASSET_PROC_FUNC_STR_NOISE_TEX = "gen_noise";
 
-const size_t ASSET_SIZE_SHADER_RENDERER_3D = 9468;
+const size_t ASSET_SIZE_SHADER_RENDERER_3D = 9449;
 alignas(16) static const uint8_t ASSET_DATA_SHADER_RENDERER_3D[] = {
     0x23, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x63, 0x6c, 0x75, 0x64, 0x65, 0x20, 0x22, 0x63, 0x6f, 
     0x6d, 0x6d, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x5f, 0x75, 0x6e, 0x69, 0x66, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x6d, 
@@ -370373,9 +370373,7 @@ alignas(16) static const uint8_t ASSET_DATA_SHADER_RENDERER_3D[] = {
     0x6f, 0x73, 0x2e, 0x7a, 0x20, 0x2f, 0x20, 0x63, 0x6c, 0x69, 0x70, 0x5f, 
     0x70, 0x6f, 0x73, 0x2e, 0x77, 0x3b, 0x0a, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x0a, 
     0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x72, 0x65, 0x74, 0x75, 0x72, 0x6e, 0x20, 0x6f, 
-    0x75, 0x74, 0x3b, 0x0a, 0x7d, 0x2f, 0x2f, 0x20, 0x64, 0x65, 0x70, 0x65, 
-    0x6e, 0x64, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x63, 0x79, 0x20, 0x74, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x0a, 
-    0x00
+    0x75, 0x74, 0x3b, 0x0a, 0x7d, 0x00
 };
 const size_t ASSET_SIZE_SHADER_COMMON_UNIFORMS = 346;
 alignas(16) static const uint8_t ASSET_DATA_SHADER_COMMON_UNIFORMS[] = {
diff --git a/src/tests/test_assets.cc b/src/tests/test_assets.cc
index 86b4ba4..2ee18d6 100644
--- a/src/tests/test_assets.cc
+++ b/src/tests/test_assets.cc
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
 #include "generated/assets.h"
 #endif /* defined(USE_TEST_ASSETS) */
 
+#include "util/asset_manager_utils.h"
+
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
diff --git a/src/tests/test_spectral_brush.cc b/src/tests/test_spectral_brush.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1431ba7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tests/test_spectral_brush.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+// This file is part of the 64k demo project.
+// Unit tests for spectral brush primitives.
+// Tests linear Bezier interpolation, profiles, and spectrogram rendering.
+
+#include "audio/spectral_brush.h"
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstring>
+
+// Test tolerance for floating-point comparisons
+static const float EPSILON = 1e-5f;
+
+// Helper: Compare floats with tolerance
+static bool float_eq(float a, float b) {
+  return fabsf(a - b) < EPSILON;
+}
+
+// Test: Linear Bezier interpolation with 2 control points (simple line)
+void test_bezier_linear_2points() {
+  const float frames[] = {0.0f, 100.0f};
+  const float values[] = {50.0f, 150.0f};
+
+  // At control points, should return exact values
+  assert(float_eq(evaluate_bezier_linear(frames, values, 2, 0.0f), 50.0f));
+  assert(float_eq(evaluate_bezier_linear(frames, values, 2, 100.0f), 150.0f));
+
+  // Midpoint: linear interpolation
+  const float mid = evaluate_bezier_linear(frames, values, 2, 50.0f);
+  assert(float_eq(mid, 100.0f));  // (50 + 150) / 2
+
+  // Quarter point
+  const float quarter = evaluate_bezier_linear(frames, values, 2, 25.0f);
+  assert(float_eq(quarter, 75.0f));  // 50 + (150 - 50) * 0.25
+
+  printf("[PASS] test_bezier_linear_2points\n");
+}
+
+// Test: Linear Bezier interpolation with 4 control points
+void test_bezier_linear_4points() {
+  const float frames[] = {0.0f, 20.0f, 50.0f, 100.0f};
+  const float values[] = {200.0f, 80.0f, 60.0f, 50.0f};
+
+  // At control points
+  assert(float_eq(evaluate_bezier_linear(frames, values, 4, 0.0f), 200.0f));
+  assert(float_eq(evaluate_bezier_linear(frames, values, 4, 20.0f), 80.0f));
+  assert(float_eq(evaluate_bezier_linear(frames, values, 4, 50.0f), 60.0f));
+  assert(float_eq(evaluate_bezier_linear(frames, values, 4, 100.0f), 50.0f));
+
+  // Between first and second point (frame 10)
+  const float interp1 = evaluate_bezier_linear(frames, values, 4, 10.0f);
+  // t = (10 - 0) / (20 - 0) = 0.5
+  // value = 200 * 0.5 + 80 * 0.5 = 140
+  assert(float_eq(interp1, 140.0f));
+
+  // Between third and fourth point (frame 75)
+  const float interp2 = evaluate_bezier_linear(frames, values, 4, 75.0f);
+  // t = (75 - 50) / (100 - 50) = 0.5
+  // value = 60 * 0.5 + 50 * 0.5 = 55
+  assert(float_eq(interp2, 55.0f));
+
+  printf("[PASS] test_bezier_linear_4points\n");
+}
+
+// Test: Edge cases (single point, empty, out of range)
+void test_bezier_edge_cases() {
+  const float frames[] = {50.0f};
+  const float values[] = {123.0f};
+
+  // Single control point: always return that value
+  assert(float_eq(evaluate_bezier_linear(frames, values, 1, 0.0f), 123.0f));
+  assert(float_eq(evaluate_bezier_linear(frames, values, 1, 100.0f), 123.0f));
+
+  // Empty array: return 0
+  assert(float_eq(evaluate_bezier_linear(frames, values, 0, 50.0f), 0.0f));
+
+  // Out of range: clamp to endpoints
+  const float frames2[] = {10.0f, 90.0f};
+  const float values2[] = {100.0f, 200.0f};
+  assert(float_eq(evaluate_bezier_linear(frames2, values2, 2, 0.0f), 100.0f));    // Before start
+  assert(float_eq(evaluate_bezier_linear(frames2, values2, 2, 100.0f), 200.0f));  // After end
+
+  printf("[PASS] test_bezier_edge_cases\n");
+}
+
+// Test: Gaussian profile evaluation
+void test_profile_gaussian() {
+  // At center (distance = 0), should be 1.0
+  assert(float_eq(evaluate_profile(PROFILE_GAUSSIAN, 0.0f, 30.0f, 0.0f), 1.0f));
+
+  // Gaussian falloff: exp(-(dist^2 / sigma^2))
+  const float sigma = 30.0f;
+  const float dist = 15.0f;
+  const float expected = expf(-(dist * dist) / (sigma * sigma));
+  const float actual = evaluate_profile(PROFILE_GAUSSIAN, dist, sigma, 0.0f);
+  assert(float_eq(actual, expected));
+
+  // Far from center: should approach 0
+  const float far = evaluate_profile(PROFILE_GAUSSIAN, 100.0f, 30.0f, 0.0f);
+  assert(far < 0.01f);  // Very small
+
+  printf("[PASS] test_profile_gaussian\n");
+}
+
+// Test: Decaying sinusoid profile evaluation
+void test_profile_decaying_sinusoid() {
+  const float decay = 0.15f;
+  const float omega = 0.8f;
+
+  // At center (distance = 0)
+  // exp(-0 * 0.15) * cos(0 * 0.8) = 1.0 * 1.0 = 1.0
+  assert(float_eq(evaluate_profile(PROFILE_DECAYING_SINUSOID, 0.0f, decay, omega), 1.0f));
+
+  // At distance 10
+  const float dist = 10.0f;
+  const float expected = expf(-decay * dist) * cosf(omega * dist);
+  const float actual = evaluate_profile(PROFILE_DECAYING_SINUSOID, dist, decay, omega);
+  assert(float_eq(actual, expected));
+
+  printf("[PASS] test_profile_decaying_sinusoid\n");
+}
+
+// Test: Noise profile evaluation (deterministic)
+void test_profile_noise() {
+  const float amplitude = 0.5f;
+  const uint32_t seed = 42;
+
+  // Same distance + seed should produce same value
+  const float val1 = evaluate_profile(PROFILE_NOISE, 10.0f, amplitude, (float)seed);
+  const float val2 = evaluate_profile(PROFILE_NOISE, 10.0f, amplitude, (float)seed);
+  assert(float_eq(val1, val2));
+
+  // Different distance should produce different value (with high probability)
+  const float val3 = evaluate_profile(PROFILE_NOISE, 20.0f, amplitude, (float)seed);
+  assert(!float_eq(val1, val3));
+
+  // Should be in range [0, amplitude]
+  assert(val1 >= 0.0f && val1 <= amplitude);
+
+  printf("[PASS] test_profile_noise\n");
+}
+
+// Test: draw_bezier_curve full integration
+void test_draw_bezier_curve() {
+  const int dct_size = 512;
+  const int num_frames = 100;
+  float spectrogram[512 * 100];
+  memset(spectrogram, 0, sizeof(spectrogram));
+
+  // Simple curve: constant frequency, linearly decaying amplitude
+  const float frames[] = {0.0f, 100.0f};
+  const float freqs[] = {440.0f, 440.0f};  // A4 note (constant pitch)
+  const float amps[] = {1.0f, 0.0f};       // Fade out
+
+  draw_bezier_curve(spectrogram, dct_size, num_frames, frames, freqs, amps, 2, PROFILE_GAUSSIAN,
+                    30.0f);
+
+  // Verify: At frame 0, should have peak around 440 Hz bin
+  // bin = (440 / 16000) * 512 ≈ 14.08
+  const int expected_bin = 14;
+  const float val_at_peak = spectrogram[0 * dct_size + expected_bin];
+  assert(val_at_peak > 0.5f);  // Should be near 1.0 due to Gaussian
+
+  // Verify: At frame 99 (end), amplitude should be near 0
+  const float val_at_end = spectrogram[99 * dct_size + expected_bin];
+  assert(val_at_end < 0.1f);  // Near zero
+
+  // Verify: At frame 50 (midpoint), amplitude should be ~0.5
+  const float val_at_mid = spectrogram[50 * dct_size + expected_bin];
+  assert(val_at_mid > 0.3f && val_at_mid < 0.7f);  // Around 0.5
+
+  printf("[PASS] test_draw_bezier_curve\n");
+}
+
+// Test: draw_bezier_curve_add (additive mode)
+void test_draw_bezier_curve_add() {
+  const int dct_size = 512;
+  const int num_frames = 100;
+  float spectrogram[512 * 100];
+  memset(spectrogram, 0, sizeof(spectrogram));
+
+  // Draw first curve
+  const float frames1[] = {0.0f, 100.0f};
+  const float freqs1[] = {440.0f, 440.0f};
+  const float amps1[] = {0.5f, 0.5f};
+  draw_bezier_curve(spectrogram, dct_size, num_frames, frames1, freqs1, amps1, 2, PROFILE_GAUSSIAN,
+                    30.0f);
+
+  const int bin = 14;  // ~440 Hz
+  const float val_before_add = spectrogram[0 * dct_size + bin];
+
+  // Add second curve (same frequency, same amplitude)
+  draw_bezier_curve_add(spectrogram, dct_size, num_frames, frames1, freqs1, amps1, 2,
+                        PROFILE_GAUSSIAN, 30.0f);
+
+  const float val_after_add = spectrogram[0 * dct_size + bin];
+
+  // Should be approximately doubled
+  assert(val_after_add > val_before_add * 1.8f);  // Allow small error
+
+  printf("[PASS] test_draw_bezier_curve_add\n");
+}
+
+// Test: RNG determinism
+void test_rng_determinism() {
+  const uint32_t seed = 12345;
+
+  // Same seed should produce same value
+  const uint32_t val1 = spectral_brush_rand(seed);
+  const uint32_t val2 = spectral_brush_rand(seed);
+  assert(val1 == val2);
+
+  // Different seeds should produce different values
+  const uint32_t val3 = spectral_brush_rand(seed + 1);
+  assert(val1 != val3);
+
+  printf("[PASS] test_rng_determinism\n");
+}
+
+int main() {
+  printf("Running spectral brush tests...\n\n");
+
+  test_bezier_linear_2points();
+  test_bezier_linear_4points();
+  test_bezier_edge_cases();
+  test_profile_gaussian();
+  test_profile_decaying_sinusoid();
+  test_profile_noise();
+  test_draw_bezier_curve();
+  test_draw_bezier_curve_add();
+  test_rng_determinism();
+
+  printf("\n✓ All tests passed!\n");
+  return 0;
+}