path: root/cnn_v3/src/gbuffer_effect.cc

// GBufferEffect implementation
// Rasterizes proxy geometry to MRT G-buffer, then packs into CNN v3 feature textures.

#include "gbuffer_effect.h"
#include "3d/object.h"
#include "gpu/gpu.h"
#include "util/fatal_error.h"
#include "util/mini_math.h"
#include <cstring>
#include <vector>

// Shader source (loaded from asset at runtime — declared extern by the build system)
// For standalone use outside the asset system, the caller must ensure the WGSL
// source strings are available.  They are declared here as weak-linkable externs.
extern const char* gbuf_raster_wgsl;
extern const char* gbuf_pack_wgsl;

// Maximum number of objects the G-buffer supports per frame.
static const int kGBufMaxObjects = 256;

// ObjectData struct that mirrors the WGSL layout in gbuf_raster.wgsl and renderer.h
struct GBufObjectData {
  mat4 model;
  mat4 inv_model;
  vec4 color;
  vec4 params; // x = object type, y = plane_distance
};
static_assert(sizeof(GBufObjectData) == sizeof(float) * 40,
              "GBufObjectData must be 160 bytes");

// GlobalUniforms struct mirroring renderer.h
struct GBufGlobalUniforms {
  mat4 view_proj;
  mat4 inv_view_proj;
  vec4 camera_pos_time;
  vec4 params;        // x = num_objects
  vec2 resolution;
  vec2 padding;
};
static_assert(sizeof(GBufGlobalUniforms) == sizeof(float) * 44,
              "GBufGlobalUniforms must be 176 bytes");

// Helper: create a 1×1 placeholder texture of a given format cleared to `value`.
static WGPUTexture create_placeholder_tex(WGPUDevice device,
                                          WGPUTextureFormat format,
                                          float value) {
  WGPUTextureDescriptor desc = {};
  desc.usage = (WGPUTextureUsage)(WGPUTextureUsage_TextureBinding |
                                  WGPUTextureUsage_CopyDst);
  desc.dimension = WGPUTextureDimension_2D;
  desc.size = {1, 1, 1};
  desc.format = format;
  desc.mipLevelCount = 1;
  desc.sampleCount = 1;
  WGPUTexture tex = wgpuDeviceCreateTexture(device, &desc);
  return tex;
}

// Helper: write a single RGBA float pixel to a texture via queue.
static void write_placeholder_pixel(WGPUQueue queue, WGPUTexture tex,
                                    float r, float g, float b, float a) {
  const float data[4] = {r, g, b, a};
  WGPUTexelCopyTextureInfo dst = {};
  dst.texture = tex;
  dst.mipLevel = 0;
  dst.origin = {0, 0, 0};
  dst.aspect = WGPUTextureAspect_All;

  WGPUTexelCopyBufferLayout layout = {};
  layout.offset = 0;
  layout.bytesPerRow = 16; // 4 × sizeof(float)
  layout.rowsPerImage = 1;

  const WGPUExtent3D extent = {1, 1, 1};
  wgpuQueueWriteTexture(queue, &dst, data, sizeof(data), &layout, &extent);
}

// Create bilinear sampler.
static WGPUSampler create_bilinear_sampler(WGPUDevice device) {
  WGPUSamplerDescriptor desc = {};
  desc.addressModeU = WGPUAddressMode_ClampToEdge;
  desc.addressModeV = WGPUAddressMode_ClampToEdge;
  desc.magFilter = WGPUFilterMode_Linear;
  desc.minFilter = WGPUFilterMode_Linear;
  desc.mipmapFilter = WGPUMipmapFilterMode_Linear;
  desc.maxAnisotropy = 1;
  return wgpuDeviceCreateSampler(device, &desc);
}

// ---- GBufferEffect ----

GBufferEffect::GBufferEffect(const GpuContext& ctx,
                             const std::vector<std::string>& inputs,
                             const std::vector<std::string>& outputs,
                             float start_time, float end_time)
    : Effect(ctx, inputs, outputs, start_time, end_time) {
  HEADLESS_RETURN_IF_NULL(ctx_.device);

  // Derive internal node name prefix from the first output name.
  const std::string& prefix = outputs.empty() ? "gbuf" : outputs[0];
  node_albedo_     = prefix + "_albedo";
  node_normal_mat_ = prefix + "_normal_mat";
  node_depth_      = prefix + "_depth";
  node_shadow_     = prefix + "_shadow";
  node_transp_     = prefix + "_transp";
  node_feat0_      = outputs.size() > 0 ? outputs[0] : prefix + "_feat0";
  node_feat1_      = outputs.size() > 1 ? outputs[1] : prefix + "_feat1";

  // Allocate GPU buffers for scene data.
  global_uniforms_buf_ =
      gpu_create_buffer(ctx_.device, sizeof(GBufGlobalUniforms),
                        WGPUBufferUsage_Uniform | WGPUBufferUsage_CopyDst);

  ensure_objects_buffer(kGBufMaxObjects);

  // Resolution uniform for pack shader.
  pack_res_uniform_.init(ctx_.device);

  // Placeholder shadow (1.0 = fully lit) and transp (0.0 = opaque) textures.
  shadow_placeholder_tex_.set(
      create_placeholder_tex(ctx_.device, WGPUTextureFormat_RGBA32Float, 1.0f));
  write_placeholder_pixel(ctx_.queue,
                          shadow_placeholder_tex_.get(), 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);

  transp_placeholder_tex_.set(
      create_placeholder_tex(ctx_.device, WGPUTextureFormat_RGBA32Float, 0.0f));
  write_placeholder_pixel(ctx_.queue,
                          transp_placeholder_tex_.get(), 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);

  WGPUTextureViewDescriptor vd = {};
  vd.format = WGPUTextureFormat_RGBA32Float;
  vd.dimension = WGPUTextureViewDimension_2D;
  vd.baseMipLevel = 0;
  vd.mipLevelCount = 1;
  vd.baseArrayLayer = 0;
  vd.arrayLayerCount = 1;
  vd.aspect = WGPUTextureAspect_All;

  shadow_placeholder_view_.set(
      wgpuTextureCreateView(shadow_placeholder_tex_.get(), &vd));
  transp_placeholder_view_.set(
      wgpuTextureCreateView(transp_placeholder_tex_.get(), &vd));

  create_raster_pipeline();
  create_pack_pipeline();
}

void GBufferEffect::declare_nodes(NodeRegistry& registry) {
  registry.declare_node(node_albedo_,     NodeType::GBUF_ALBEDO,    -1, -1);
  registry.declare_node(node_normal_mat_, NodeType::GBUF_ALBEDO,    -1, -1);
  registry.declare_node(node_depth_,      NodeType::GBUF_DEPTH32,   -1, -1);
  registry.declare_node(node_shadow_,     NodeType::GBUF_R8,        -1, -1);
  registry.declare_node(node_transp_,     NodeType::GBUF_R8,        -1, -1);
  // feat_tex0 / feat_tex1 are the declared output_nodes_ — they get registered
  // by the sequence infrastructure; declare them here as well if not already.
  if (!registry.has_node(node_feat0_)) {
    registry.declare_node(node_feat0_, NodeType::GBUF_RGBA32UINT, -1, -1);
  }
  if (!registry.has_node(node_feat1_)) {
    registry.declare_node(node_feat1_, NodeType::GBUF_RGBA32UINT, -1, -1);
  }
}

void GBufferEffect::set_scene(const Scene* scene, const Camera* camera) {
  scene_  = scene;
  camera_ = camera;
}

void GBufferEffect::render(WGPUCommandEncoder encoder,
                           const UniformsSequenceParams& params,
                           NodeRegistry& nodes) {
  if (!scene_ || !camera_) {
    return;
  }

  upload_scene_data(*scene_, *camera_, params.time);

  // Update resolution uniform for pack shader.
  GBufResUniforms res_uni;
  res_uni.resolution = params.resolution;
  res_uni._pad0 = 0.0f;
  res_uni._pad1 = 0.0f;
  pack_res_uniform_.update(ctx_.queue, res_uni);

  WGPUTextureView albedo_view     = nodes.get_view(node_albedo_);
  WGPUTextureView normal_mat_view = nodes.get_view(node_normal_mat_);
  WGPUTextureView depth_view      = nodes.get_view(node_depth_);
  WGPUTextureView feat0_view      = nodes.get_view(node_feat0_);
  WGPUTextureView feat1_view      = nodes.get_view(node_feat1_);

  // prev_cnn: first input node if available, else dummy.
  WGPUTextureView prev_view = nullptr;
  if (!input_nodes_.empty()) {
    prev_view = nodes.get_view(input_nodes_[0]);
  }
  if (!prev_view) {
    prev_view = dummy_texture_view_.get();
  }

  // --- Pass 1: MRT rasterization ---
  update_raster_bind_group(nodes);

  WGPURenderPassColorAttachment color_attachments[2] = {};
  // Attachment 0: albedo
  color_attachments[0].view = albedo_view;
  color_attachments[0].loadOp = WGPULoadOp_Clear;
  color_attachments[0].storeOp = WGPUStoreOp_Store;
  color_attachments[0].clearValue = {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f};
  color_attachments[0].depthSlice = WGPU_DEPTH_SLICE_UNDEFINED;
  // Attachment 1: normal_mat
  color_attachments[1].view = normal_mat_view;
  color_attachments[1].loadOp = WGPULoadOp_Clear;
  color_attachments[1].storeOp = WGPUStoreOp_Store;
  color_attachments[1].clearValue = {0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f};
  color_attachments[1].depthSlice = WGPU_DEPTH_SLICE_UNDEFINED;

  WGPURenderPassDepthStencilAttachment depth_attachment = {};
  depth_attachment.view = depth_view;
  depth_attachment.depthLoadOp = WGPULoadOp_Clear;
  depth_attachment.depthStoreOp = WGPUStoreOp_Store;
  depth_attachment.depthClearValue = 1.0f;
  depth_attachment.depthReadOnly = false;

  WGPURenderPassDescriptor raster_pass_desc = {};
  raster_pass_desc.colorAttachmentCount = 2;
  raster_pass_desc.colorAttachments = color_attachments;
  raster_pass_desc.depthStencilAttachment = &depth_attachment;

  const int num_objects =
      (int)(scene_->objects.size() < (size_t)kGBufMaxObjects
                ? scene_->objects.size()
                : (size_t)kGBufMaxObjects);

  if (num_objects > 0 && raster_pipeline_.get() != nullptr) {
    WGPURenderPassEncoder raster_pass =
        wgpuCommandEncoderBeginRenderPass(encoder, &raster_pass_desc);
    wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetPipeline(raster_pass, raster_pipeline_.get());
    wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetBindGroup(raster_pass, 0,
                                     raster_bind_group_.get(), 0, nullptr);
    // Draw 36 vertices (proxy box) × num_objects instances.
    wgpuRenderPassEncoderDraw(raster_pass, 36, (uint32_t)num_objects, 0, 0);
    wgpuRenderPassEncoderEnd(raster_pass);
    wgpuRenderPassEncoderRelease(raster_pass);
  } else {
    // Clear passes with no draws still need to be submitted.
    WGPURenderPassEncoder raster_pass =
        wgpuCommandEncoderBeginRenderPass(encoder, &raster_pass_desc);
    wgpuRenderPassEncoderEnd(raster_pass);
    wgpuRenderPassEncoderRelease(raster_pass);
  }

  // Pass 2: SDF raymarching — TODO (placeholder: shadow=1, transp=0 already set)
  // Pass 3: Lighting/shadow — TODO

  // --- Pass 4: Pack compute ---
  // Rebuild pack bind group with current node views.
  // Construct a temporary bilinear sampler for this pass.
  WGPUSampler bilinear = create_bilinear_sampler(ctx_.device);

  // Get texture views from nodes.
  // shadow / transp are GBUF_R8 nodes; use their views.
  WGPUTextureView shadow_view = nodes.get_view(node_shadow_);
  WGPUTextureView transp_view = nodes.get_view(node_transp_);

  // Build pack bind group (bindings 0-9).
  WGPUBindGroupEntry pack_entries[10] = {};
  pack_entries[0].binding = 0;
  pack_entries[0].buffer = pack_res_uniform_.get().buffer;
  pack_entries[0].size = sizeof(GBufResUniforms);

  pack_entries[1].binding = 1;
  pack_entries[1].textureView = albedo_view;

  pack_entries[2].binding = 2;
  pack_entries[2].textureView = normal_mat_view;

  pack_entries[3].binding = 3;
  pack_entries[3].textureView = depth_view;

  pack_entries[4].binding = 4;
  pack_entries[4].textureView = shadow_view;

  pack_entries[5].binding = 5;
  pack_entries[5].textureView = transp_view;

  pack_entries[6].binding = 6;
  pack_entries[6].textureView = prev_view;

  pack_entries[7].binding = 7;
  pack_entries[7].textureView = feat0_view;

  pack_entries[8].binding = 8;
  pack_entries[8].textureView = feat1_view;

  pack_entries[9].binding = 9;
  pack_entries[9].sampler = bilinear;

  WGPUBindGroupLayout pack_bgl =
      wgpuComputePipelineGetBindGroupLayout(pack_pipeline_.get(), 0);

  WGPUBindGroupDescriptor pack_bg_desc = {};
  pack_bg_desc.layout = pack_bgl;
  pack_bg_desc.entryCount = 10;
  pack_bg_desc.entries = pack_entries;

  WGPUBindGroup pack_bg = wgpuDeviceCreateBindGroup(ctx_.device, &pack_bg_desc);
  wgpuBindGroupLayoutRelease(pack_bgl);

  WGPUComputePassDescriptor compute_pass_desc = {};
  WGPUComputePassEncoder compute_pass =
      wgpuCommandEncoderBeginComputePass(encoder, &compute_pass_desc);
  wgpuComputePassEncoderSetPipeline(compute_pass, pack_pipeline_.get());
  wgpuComputePassEncoderSetBindGroup(compute_pass, 0, pack_bg, 0, nullptr);

  const uint32_t wg_x = ((uint32_t)width_  + 7u) / 8u;
  const uint32_t wg_y = ((uint32_t)height_ + 7u) / 8u;
  wgpuComputePassEncoderDispatchWorkgroups(compute_pass, wg_x, wg_y, 1);
  wgpuComputePassEncoderEnd(compute_pass);
  wgpuComputePassEncoderRelease(compute_pass);

  wgpuBindGroupRelease(pack_bg);
  wgpuSamplerRelease(bilinear);
}

// ---- private helpers ----

void GBufferEffect::ensure_objects_buffer(int num_objects) {
  if (num_objects <= objects_buf_capacity_) {
    return;
  }
  if (objects_buf_.buffer) {
    wgpuBufferRelease(objects_buf_.buffer);
  }
  objects_buf_ = gpu_create_buffer(
      ctx_.device, (size_t)num_objects * sizeof(GBufObjectData),
      WGPUBufferUsage_Storage | WGPUBufferUsage_CopyDst);
  objects_buf_capacity_ = num_objects;
}

void GBufferEffect::upload_scene_data(const Scene& scene,
                                      const Camera& camera, float time) {
  const int num_objects =
      (int)(scene.objects.size() < (size_t)kGBufMaxObjects
                ? scene.objects.size()
                : (size_t)kGBufMaxObjects);

  const mat4 view = camera.get_view_matrix();
  const mat4 proj = camera.get_projection_matrix();
  const mat4 vp   = proj * view;

  GBufGlobalUniforms gu = {};
  gu.view_proj       = vp;
  gu.inv_view_proj   = vp.inverse();
  gu.camera_pos_time = vec4(camera.position.x, camera.position.y,
                            camera.position.z, time);
  gu.params    = vec4((float)num_objects, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
  gu.resolution = vec2((float)width_, (float)height_);
  gu.padding   = vec2(0.0f, 0.0f);

  wgpuQueueWriteBuffer(ctx_.queue, global_uniforms_buf_.buffer, 0,
                       &gu, sizeof(GBufGlobalUniforms));

  // Upload object data.
  if (num_objects > 0) {
    ensure_objects_buffer(num_objects);
    std::vector<GBufObjectData> obj_data;
    obj_data.reserve((size_t)num_objects);
    for (int i = 0; i < num_objects; ++i) {
      const Object3D& obj = scene.objects[(size_t)i];
      const mat4 m = obj.get_model_matrix();
      GBufObjectData d;
      d.model     = m;
      d.inv_model = m.inverse();
      d.color     = obj.color;
      d.params    = vec4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
      obj_data.push_back(d);
    }
    wgpuQueueWriteBuffer(ctx_.queue, objects_buf_.buffer, 0,
                         obj_data.data(),
                         (size_t)num_objects * sizeof(GBufObjectData));
  }
}

void GBufferEffect::create_raster_pipeline() {
  HEADLESS_RETURN_IF_NULL(ctx_.device);

  // Load shader source.
  const char* src = gbuf_raster_wgsl;
  if (!src) {
    return; // Asset not loaded yet; pipeline creation deferred.
  }

  WGPUShaderSourceWGSL wgsl_src = {};
  wgsl_src.chain.sType = WGPUSType_ShaderSourceWGSL;
  wgsl_src.code = str_view(src);

  WGPUShaderModuleDescriptor shader_desc = {};
  shader_desc.nextInChain = &wgsl_src.chain;
  WGPUShaderModule shader = wgpuDeviceCreateShaderModule(ctx_.device, &shader_desc);

  // Bind group layout: B0 = GlobalUniforms, B1 = ObjectsBuffer (storage read)
  WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry bgl_entries[2] = {};
  bgl_entries[0].binding = 0;
  bgl_entries[0].visibility =
      (WGPUShaderStage)(WGPUShaderStage_Vertex | WGPUShaderStage_Fragment);
  bgl_entries[0].buffer.type = WGPUBufferBindingType_Uniform;
  bgl_entries[0].buffer.minBindingSize = sizeof(GBufGlobalUniforms);

  bgl_entries[1].binding = 1;
  bgl_entries[1].visibility =
      (WGPUShaderStage)(WGPUShaderStage_Vertex | WGPUShaderStage_Fragment);
  bgl_entries[1].buffer.type = WGPUBufferBindingType_ReadOnlyStorage;
  bgl_entries[1].buffer.minBindingSize = sizeof(GBufObjectData);

  WGPUBindGroupLayoutDescriptor bgl_desc = {};
  bgl_desc.entryCount = 2;
  bgl_desc.entries = bgl_entries;
  WGPUBindGroupLayout bgl = wgpuDeviceCreateBindGroupLayout(ctx_.device, &bgl_desc);

  WGPUPipelineLayoutDescriptor pl_desc = {};
  pl_desc.bindGroupLayoutCount = 1;
  pl_desc.bindGroupLayouts = &bgl;
  WGPUPipelineLayout pl = wgpuDeviceCreatePipelineLayout(ctx_.device, &pl_desc);

  // Two color targets: albedo (rgba16float) and normal_mat (rgba16float)
  WGPUColorTargetState color_targets[2] = {};
  color_targets[0].format = WGPUTextureFormat_RGBA16Float;
  color_targets[0].writeMask = WGPUColorWriteMask_All;
  color_targets[1].format = WGPUTextureFormat_RGBA16Float;
  color_targets[1].writeMask = WGPUColorWriteMask_All;

  WGPUFragmentState frag = {};
  frag.module = shader;
  frag.entryPoint = str_view("fs_main");
  frag.targetCount = 2;
  frag.targets = color_targets;

  WGPUDepthStencilState ds = {};
  ds.format = WGPUTextureFormat_Depth32Float;
  ds.depthWriteEnabled = WGPUOptionalBool_True;
  ds.depthCompare = WGPUCompareFunction_Less;

  WGPURenderPipelineDescriptor pipe_desc = {};
  pipe_desc.layout = pl;
  pipe_desc.vertex.module = shader;
  pipe_desc.vertex.entryPoint = str_view("vs_main");
  pipe_desc.fragment = &frag;
  pipe_desc.depthStencil = &ds;
  pipe_desc.primitive.topology = WGPUPrimitiveTopology_TriangleList;
  pipe_desc.primitive.cullMode = WGPUCullMode_Back;
  pipe_desc.multisample.count = 1;
  pipe_desc.multisample.mask = 0xFFFFFFFF;

  raster_pipeline_.set(wgpuDeviceCreateRenderPipeline(ctx_.device, &pipe_desc));

  wgpuPipelineLayoutRelease(pl);
  wgpuBindGroupLayoutRelease(bgl);
  wgpuShaderModuleRelease(shader);
}

void GBufferEffect::create_pack_pipeline() {
  HEADLESS_RETURN_IF_NULL(ctx_.device);

  const char* src = gbuf_pack_wgsl;
  if (!src) {
    return;
  }

  WGPUShaderSourceWGSL wgsl_src = {};
  wgsl_src.chain.sType = WGPUSType_ShaderSourceWGSL;
  wgsl_src.code = str_view(src);

  WGPUShaderModuleDescriptor shader_desc = {};
  shader_desc.nextInChain = &wgsl_src.chain;
  WGPUShaderModule shader = wgpuDeviceCreateShaderModule(ctx_.device, &shader_desc);

  // Build explicit bind group layout for bindings 0-9.
  WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry bgl_entries[10] = {};

  // B0: resolution uniform
  bgl_entries[0].binding = 0;
  bgl_entries[0].visibility = WGPUShaderStage_Compute;
  bgl_entries[0].buffer.type = WGPUBufferBindingType_Uniform;
  bgl_entries[0].buffer.minBindingSize = sizeof(GBufResUniforms);

  // B1: gbuf_albedo (texture_2d<f32>)
  bgl_entries[1].binding = 1;
  bgl_entries[1].visibility = WGPUShaderStage_Compute;
  bgl_entries[1].texture.sampleType = WGPUTextureSampleType_Float;
  bgl_entries[1].texture.viewDimension = WGPUTextureViewDimension_2D;

  // B2: gbuf_normal_mat (texture_2d<f32>)
  bgl_entries[2].binding = 2;
  bgl_entries[2].visibility = WGPUShaderStage_Compute;
  bgl_entries[2].texture.sampleType = WGPUTextureSampleType_Float;
  bgl_entries[2].texture.viewDimension = WGPUTextureViewDimension_2D;

  // B3: gbuf_depth (texture_depth_2d)
  bgl_entries[3].binding = 3;
  bgl_entries[3].visibility = WGPUShaderStage_Compute;
  bgl_entries[3].texture.sampleType = WGPUTextureSampleType_Depth;
  bgl_entries[3].texture.viewDimension = WGPUTextureViewDimension_2D;

  // B4: gbuf_shadow (texture_2d<f32>)
  bgl_entries[4].binding = 4;
  bgl_entries[4].visibility = WGPUShaderStage_Compute;
  bgl_entries[4].texture.sampleType = WGPUTextureSampleType_Float;
  bgl_entries[4].texture.viewDimension = WGPUTextureViewDimension_2D;

  // B5: gbuf_transp (texture_2d<f32>)
  bgl_entries[5].binding = 5;
  bgl_entries[5].visibility = WGPUShaderStage_Compute;
  bgl_entries[5].texture.sampleType = WGPUTextureSampleType_Float;
  bgl_entries[5].texture.viewDimension = WGPUTextureViewDimension_2D;

  // B6: prev_cnn (texture_2d<f32>)
  bgl_entries[6].binding = 6;
  bgl_entries[6].visibility = WGPUShaderStage_Compute;
  bgl_entries[6].texture.sampleType = WGPUTextureSampleType_Float;
  bgl_entries[6].texture.viewDimension = WGPUTextureViewDimension_2D;

  // B7: feat_tex0 (storage texture, write, rgba32uint)
  bgl_entries[7].binding = 7;
  bgl_entries[7].visibility = WGPUShaderStage_Compute;
  bgl_entries[7].storageTexture.access = WGPUStorageTextureAccess_WriteOnly;
  bgl_entries[7].storageTexture.format = WGPUTextureFormat_RGBA32Uint;
  bgl_entries[7].storageTexture.viewDimension = WGPUTextureViewDimension_2D;

  // B8: feat_tex1 (storage texture, write, rgba32uint)
  bgl_entries[8].binding = 8;
  bgl_entries[8].visibility = WGPUShaderStage_Compute;
  bgl_entries[8].storageTexture.access = WGPUStorageTextureAccess_WriteOnly;
  bgl_entries[8].storageTexture.format = WGPUTextureFormat_RGBA32Uint;
  bgl_entries[8].storageTexture.viewDimension = WGPUTextureViewDimension_2D;

  // B9: bilinear sampler
  bgl_entries[9].binding = 9;
  bgl_entries[9].visibility = WGPUShaderStage_Compute;
  bgl_entries[9].sampler.type = WGPUSamplerBindingType_Filtering;

  WGPUBindGroupLayoutDescriptor bgl_desc = {};
  bgl_desc.entryCount = 10;
  bgl_desc.entries = bgl_entries;
  WGPUBindGroupLayout bgl = wgpuDeviceCreateBindGroupLayout(ctx_.device, &bgl_desc);

  WGPUPipelineLayoutDescriptor pl_desc = {};
  pl_desc.bindGroupLayoutCount = 1;
  pl_desc.bindGroupLayouts = &bgl;
  WGPUPipelineLayout pl = wgpuDeviceCreatePipelineLayout(ctx_.device, &pl_desc);

  WGPUComputePipelineDescriptor pipe_desc = {};
  pipe_desc.layout = pl;
  pipe_desc.compute.module = shader;
  pipe_desc.compute.entryPoint = str_view("pack_features");

  pack_pipeline_.set(wgpuDeviceCreateComputePipeline(ctx_.device, &pipe_desc));

  wgpuPipelineLayoutRelease(pl);
  wgpuBindGroupLayoutRelease(bgl);
  wgpuShaderModuleRelease(shader);
}

void GBufferEffect::update_raster_bind_group(NodeRegistry& nodes) {
  (void)nodes;
  // Rebuild each frame since textures may resize.
  raster_bind_group_.replace(nullptr);

  if (raster_pipeline_.get() == nullptr) {
    return;
  }

  WGPUBindGroupEntry entries[2] = {};
  entries[0].binding = 0;
  entries[0].buffer  = global_uniforms_buf_.buffer;
  entries[0].size    = sizeof(GBufGlobalUniforms);

  entries[1].binding = 1;
  entries[1].buffer  = objects_buf_.buffer;
  entries[1].size    = (size_t)objects_buf_capacity_ * sizeof(GBufObjectData);

  WGPUBindGroupLayout bgl =
      wgpuRenderPipelineGetBindGroupLayout(raster_pipeline_.get(), 0);

  WGPUBindGroupDescriptor bg_desc = {};
  bg_desc.layout = bgl;
  bg_desc.entryCount = 2;
  bg_desc.entries = entries;

  raster_bind_group_.replace(wgpuDeviceCreateBindGroup(ctx_.device, &bg_desc));
  wgpuBindGroupLayoutRelease(bgl);
}

void GBufferEffect::update_pack_bind_group(NodeRegistry& nodes) {
  (void)nodes;
  // Pack bind group is rebuilt inline in render() to use current node views.
}