# Effect Creation Workflow

**Target Audience:** AI coding agents and developers

Checklist for adding visual effects.

---

## Quick Reference

| Effect type | Path |
|---|---|
| Simple post-process (shader only) | **WgslEffect** — 3 files, see below |
| Custom uniforms / multi-pass / compute / 3D | **Full Effect class** — 6 steps |
| SDF / Raymarching | See `doc/SDF_EFFECT_GUIDE.md` |
| ShaderToy port | `tools/shadertoy/convert_shadertoy.py` then Full Effect |

---

## Path A: WgslEffect (simple post-process)

Use when the effect needs only a WGSL shader and standard per-frame uniforms
(`time`, `beat_phase`, `audio_intensity`, `resolution`). No custom C++ logic.

**3 files to touch:**

### 1. Write the shader

`src/effects/<name>.wgsl`

Standard bindings (all provided automatically):
```wgsl
#include "sequence_uniforms"   // or "common_uniforms"
#include "render/fullscreen_vs"

@group(0) @binding(0) var smplr: sampler;
@group(0) @binding(1) var txt: texture_2d<f32>;
@group(0) @binding(2) var<uniform> uniforms: UniformsSequenceParams;

// Optional: generic params from WgslEffectParams (see below)
// struct WgslEffectParams { p: vec4f, c: vec4f }
// @group(0) @binding(3) var<uniform> effect_params: WgslEffectParams;

@fragment fn fs_main(@builtin(position) pos: vec4f) -> @location(0) vec4f {
    let uv = pos.xy / uniforms.resolution;
    // ... your effect
    return textureSample(txt, smplr, uv);
}
```

### 2. Register shader as asset

`workspaces/main/assets.txt`:
```
SHADER_<UPPER_NAME>, NONE, ../../src/effects/<name>.wgsl, "Description"
```

### 3. Add to timeline

`workspaces/main/timeline.seq`:
```
EFFECT + WgslEffect source -> sink 0.0 4.0
```

Wait — the seq_compiler instantiates effects by class name. For a named
effect (so it appears in test_demo_effects and can be referenced by name),
create a **thin wrapper header** instead:

`src/effects/<name>_effect.h`:
```cpp
#pragma once
#include "effects/shaders.h"
#include "gpu/wgsl_effect.h"

struct MyEffect : public WgslEffect {
  MyEffect(const GpuContext& ctx, const std::vector<std::string>& inputs,
           const std::vector<std::string>& outputs, float start_time,
           float end_time)
      : WgslEffect(ctx, inputs, outputs, start_time, end_time,
                   my_shader_wgsl) {}
};
```

Then add `extern const char* my_shader_wgsl;` to `src/effects/shaders.h`
and `const char* my_shader_wgsl = SafeGetAsset(AssetId::ASSET_SHADER_<UPPER_NAME>);`
to `src/effects/shaders.cc`.

Finally include the header in `src/gpu/demo_effects.h` and add a test entry
in `src/tests/gpu/test_demo_effects.cc`. **No `.cc` file and no CMake entry needed.**

### WgslEffectParams (optional static or dynamic params)

`WgslEffect` has a public `effect_params` member (`WgslEffectParams`) uploaded
to binding 3 each frame. Use it for static configuration or per-frame modulation.

```cpp
struct WgslEffectParams {
  float p[4];  // vec4: generic floats (strength, scale, etc.)
  float c[4];  // vec4: color or secondary params
};
```

**Static** (set at construction via thin wrapper):
```cpp
: WgslEffect(ctx, inputs, outputs, start, end, my_shader_wgsl,
             WGPULoadOp_Clear,
             WgslEffectParams{{8.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f}, {}})
```

**Dynamic** (per-frame, from generated Sequence subclass or external code):
```cpp
WgslEffect* fx = ...; // store typed ptr alongside shared_ptr<Effect>
// each frame before render:
fx->effect_params.p[0] = 8.0f + seq_params.audio_intensity * 4.0f;
```

Prefer computing animated values in WGSL via `uniforms.time/beat_phase/audio_intensity`
when possible — no CPU→GPU upload needed.

**loadOp** (default `WGPULoadOp_Clear`): pass `WGPULoadOp_Load` to overlay
on the existing buffer (e.g. HUD overlays like PeakMeter).

---

## Path B: Full Effect Class (complex effects)

Use when the effect needs: custom uniforms (binding 3 typed struct), multi-pass,
compute shaders, 3D depth buffers, or non-trivial C++ render logic.

### 1. Create Effect Files

- Header: `src/effects/<name>_effect.h`
- Implementation: `src/effects/<name>_effect.cc`
- Shader: `src/effects/<name>.wgsl`

**Base class**: `Effect`

**Constructor**:
```cpp
MyEffect(const GpuContext& ctx,
         const std::vector<std::string>& inputs,
         const std::vector<std::string>& outputs,
         float start_time, float end_time);
```

**Required methods**:
```cpp
void render(WGPUCommandEncoder encoder,
            const UniformsSequenceParams& params,
            NodeRegistry& nodes) override;

// Optional: for effects needing temp nodes (depth buffers, etc.)
void declare_nodes(NodeRegistry& registry) override;
```

**Uniforms** (auto-updated by base class):
```cpp
params.time;            // Physical seconds
params.beat_time;       // Musical beats
params.beat_phase;      // Fractional beat 0.0-1.0
params.audio_intensity; // Audio peak
params.resolution;      // vec2(width, height)
params.aspect_ratio;    // width/height
```

### 2. Add Shader to Assets

`workspaces/main/assets.txt`:
```
SHADER_<UPPER_NAME>, NONE, ../../src/effects/<name>.wgsl, "Description"
```

### 3. Add to DemoSourceLists.cmake

`cmake/DemoSourceLists.cmake` — add to `COMMON_GPU_EFFECTS`:
```cmake
src/effects/<name>_effect.cc
```

### 4. Include in demo_effects.h

`src/gpu/demo_effects.h`:
```cpp
#include "effects/<name>_effect.h"
```

### 5. Add to test_demo_effects.cc

`src/tests/gpu/test_demo_effects.cc`:
```cpp
{"MyEffect", std::make_shared<MyEffect>(
    fixture.ctx(), inputs, outputs, 0.0f, 1000.0f)},
```

### 6. Add to Timeline

`workspaces/main/timeline.seq`:
```
SEQUENCE <start> <priority> "name"
  EFFECT + MyEffect source -> sink 0.0 4.0
```

**Priority modifiers** (REQUIRED): `+` (increment), `=` (same), `-` (decrement)

### 7. Build and Verify

```bash
cmake --build build -j4
cd build && ./test_demo_effects
./demo64k
```

---

## Templates

### WgslEffect thin wrapper

```cpp
// src/effects/my_effect.h
#pragma once
#include "effects/shaders.h"
#include "gpu/wgsl_effect.h"

struct MyEffect : public WgslEffect {
  MyEffect(const GpuContext& ctx, const std::vector<std::string>& inputs,
           const std::vector<std::string>& outputs, float start_time,
           float end_time)
      : WgslEffect(ctx, inputs, outputs, start_time, end_time,
                   my_shader_wgsl) {}
};
```

No `.cc` file. No CMake entry.

### Full post-process effect

```cpp
// my_effect.cc
#include "effects/my_effect.h"
#include "gpu/post_process_helper.h"
#include "effects/shaders.h"

MyEffect::MyEffect(const GpuContext& ctx,
                   const std::vector<std::string>& inputs,
                   const std::vector<std::string>& outputs,
                   float start_time, float end_time)
    : Effect(ctx, inputs, outputs, start_time, end_time) {
  HEADLESS_RETURN_IF_NULL(ctx_.device);
  create_linear_sampler();
  pipeline_.set(create_post_process_pipeline(ctx_.device,
                                             WGPUTextureFormat_RGBA8Unorm,
                                             my_shader_wgsl));
}

void MyEffect::render(WGPUCommandEncoder encoder,
                      const UniformsSequenceParams& params,
                      NodeRegistry& nodes) {
  WGPUTextureView input_view = nodes.get_view(input_nodes_[0]);
  WGPUTextureView output_view = nodes.get_view(output_nodes_[0]);

  pp_update_bind_group(ctx_.device, pipeline_.get(), bind_group_.get_address(),
                       input_view, uniforms_buffer_.get(), {nullptr, 0});

  WGPURenderPassColorAttachment color_attachment = {};
  gpu_init_color_attachment(color_attachment, output_view);

  WGPURenderPassDescriptor pass_desc = {};
  pass_desc.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
  pass_desc.colorAttachments = &color_attachment;

  WGPURenderPassEncoder pass =
      wgpuCommandEncoderBeginRenderPass(encoder, &pass_desc);
  wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetPipeline(pass, pipeline_.get());
  wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetBindGroup(pass, 0, bind_group_.get(), 0, nullptr);
  wgpuRenderPassEncoderDraw(pass, 3, 1, 0, 0);
  wgpuRenderPassEncoderEnd(pass);
  wgpuRenderPassEncoderRelease(pass);
}
```

### 3D Effect with Depth

```cpp
class My3DEffect : public Effect {
  std::string depth_node_;

  My3DEffect(const GpuContext& ctx, ..., float start_time, float end_time)
    : Effect(ctx, inputs, outputs, start_time, end_time),
      depth_node_(outputs[0] + "_depth") {
    HEADLESS_RETURN_IF_NULL(ctx_.device);
  }

  void declare_nodes(NodeRegistry& registry) override {
    registry.declare_node(depth_node_, NodeType::DEPTH24, -1, -1);
  }

  void render(WGPUCommandEncoder encoder,
              const UniformsSequenceParams& params,
              NodeRegistry& nodes) override {
    WGPUTextureView color_view = nodes.get_view(output_nodes_[0]);
    WGPUTextureView depth_view = nodes.get_view(depth_node_);
    // ... render 3D scene
  }
};
```

---

## Common Issues

**Build Error: "no member named 'ASSET_..._SHADER'"**
- Shader not in `assets.txt` or wrong name
- Asset ID is `ASSET_` + uppercase entry name

**Build Error: "undefined symbol"**
- Full effect `.cc` not in `cmake/DemoSourceLists.cmake` COMMON_GPU_EFFECTS
- WgslEffect thin wrappers do NOT need a CMake entry

**Runtime Error: "Node not found"**
- Forgot `declare_nodes()` for temp nodes
- `init_effect_nodes()` not called (check generated timeline.cc)

**Runtime Error: "invalid bind group"**
- Pipeline format doesn't match framebuffer (use RGBA8Unorm)
- Missing texture view or null resource

**Build Error: generated `timeline.cc` includes wrong header (e.g. `ntsc_yiq_effect.h`)**
- Occurs when multiple effect classes share one header file (e.g. `Ntsc` and `NtscYiq` both in `ntsc_effect.h`)
- `seq_compiler.py` derives the header from the class name by default
- Fix: add an entry to `CLASS_TO_HEADER` in `tools/seq_compiler.py`:
  ```python
  CLASS_TO_HEADER = {
      'NtscYiq': 'ntsc',   # NtscYiq lives in ntsc_effect.h alongside Ntsc
  }
  ```

---

## See Also

- `src/gpu/wgsl_effect.h` — WgslEffect and WgslEffectParams definitions
- `src/effects/scratch_effect.h` — minimal WgslEffect thin wrapper example
- `src/effects/gaussian_blur_effect.h` — WgslEffect with static params example
- `doc/SEQUENCE.md` — Timeline syntax and architecture
- `doc/SDF_EFFECT_GUIDE.md` — SDF/raymarching effects
- `tools/seq_compiler.py` — Compiler implementation