Refactor: Split demo effects and shaders into individual files

Split src/gpu/demo_effects.cc into individual .cc files for each effect
and created separate files for post-processing helpers and WGSL shaders.
Updated src/gpu/demo_effects.h to be a central header for all effect-related
declarations and adjusted CMakeLists.txt accordingly.

13 files changed, 775 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/gpu/effects/chroma_aberration_effect.cc b/src/gpu/effects/chroma_aberration_effect.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5acc1f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/gpu/effects/chroma_aberration_effect.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// This file is part of the 64k demo project.
+// It implements the ChromaAberrationEffect.
+
+#include "gpu/demo_effects.h"
+#include "gpu/gpu.h"
+
+// --- ChromaAberrationEffect ---
+ChromaAberrationEffect::ChromaAberrationEffect(WGPUDevice device,
+                                               WGPUQueue queue,
+                                               WGPUTextureFormat format)
+    : device_(device), queue_(queue) {
+  uniforms_ =
+      gpu_create_buffer(device, sizeof(float) * 4,
+                        WGPUBufferUsage_Uniform | WGPUBufferUsage_CopyDst);
+  pipeline_ = create_post_process_pipeline(device, format,
+                                           chroma_aberration_shader_wgsl);
+}
+void ChromaAberrationEffect::render(WGPURenderPassEncoder pass, float t,
+                                    float b, float i, float a) {
+  struct {
+    float t, b, i, a;
+  } u = {t, b, i, a};
+  wgpuQueueWriteBuffer(queue_, uniforms_.buffer, 0, &u, sizeof(u));
+  PostProcessEffect::render(pass, t, b, i, a);
+}
+void ChromaAberrationEffect::update_bind_group(WGPUTextureView v) {
+  pp_update_bind_group(device_, pipeline_, &bind_group_, v, uniforms_);
+}
diff --git a/src/gpu/effects/distort_effect.cc b/src/gpu/effects/distort_effect.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..994ee34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/gpu/effects/distort_effect.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// This file is part of the 64k demo project.
+// It implements the DistortEffect.
+
+#include "gpu/demo_effects.h"
+#include "gpu/gpu.h"
+
+// --- DistortEffect ---
+DistortEffect::DistortEffect(WGPUDevice device, WGPUQueue queue,
+                             WGPUTextureFormat format)
+    : device_(device), queue_(queue) {
+  uniforms_ =
+      gpu_create_buffer(device, sizeof(float) * 4,
+                        WGPUBufferUsage_Uniform | WGPUBufferUsage_CopyDst);
+  pipeline_ = create_post_process_pipeline(device, format, distort_shader_wgsl);
+}
+void DistortEffect::render(WGPURenderPassEncoder pass, float t, float b,
+                           float i, float a) {
+  struct {
+    float t, b, i, a;
+  } u = {t, b, i, a};
+  wgpuQueueWriteBuffer(queue_, uniforms_.buffer, 0, &u, sizeof(u));
+  PostProcessEffect::render(pass, t, b, i, a);
+}
+void DistortEffect::update_bind_group(WGPUTextureView v) {
+  pp_update_bind_group(device_, pipeline_, &bind_group_, v, uniforms_);
+}
diff --git a/src/gpu/effects/gaussian_blur_effect.cc b/src/gpu/effects/gaussian_blur_effect.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b55bb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/gpu/effects/gaussian_blur_effect.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// This file is part of the 64k demo project.
+// It implements the GaussianBlurEffect.
+
+#include "gpu/demo_effects.h"
+#include "gpu/gpu.h"
+
+// --- GaussianBlurEffect ---
+GaussianBlurEffect::GaussianBlurEffect(WGPUDevice device, WGPUQueue queue,
+                                       WGPUTextureFormat format)
+    : device_(device), queue_(queue) {
+  uniforms_ =
+      gpu_create_buffer(device, sizeof(float) * 4,
+                        WGPUBufferUsage_Uniform | WGPUBufferUsage_CopyDst);
+  pipeline_ =
+      create_post_process_pipeline(device, format, gaussian_blur_shader_wgsl);
+}
+void GaussianBlurEffect::render(WGPURenderPassEncoder pass, float t, float b,
+                                float i, float a) {
+  struct {
+    float t, b, i, a;
+  } u = {t, b, i, a};
+  wgpuQueueWriteBuffer(queue_, uniforms_.buffer, 0, &u, sizeof(u));
+  PostProcessEffect::render(pass, t, b, i, a);
+}
+void GaussianBlurEffect::update_bind_group(WGPUTextureView v) {
+  pp_update_bind_group(device_, pipeline_, &bind_group_, v, uniforms_);
+}
diff --git a/src/gpu/effects/heptagon_effect.cc b/src/gpu/effects/heptagon_effect.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..321b9d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/gpu/effects/heptagon_effect.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// This file is part of the 64k demo project.
+// It implements the HeptagonEffect.
+
+#include "gpu/demo_effects.h"
+#include "gpu/gpu.h"
+
+// --- HeptagonEffect ---
+HeptagonEffect::HeptagonEffect(WGPUDevice device, WGPUQueue queue,
+                               WGPUTextureFormat format)
+    : queue_(queue) {
+  uniforms_ =
+      gpu_create_buffer(device, sizeof(float) * 4,
+                        WGPUBufferUsage_Uniform | WGPUBufferUsage_CopyDst);
+  ResourceBinding bindings[] = {{uniforms_, WGPUBufferBindingType_Uniform}};
+  pass_ = gpu_create_render_pass(device, format, main_shader_wgsl, bindings, 1);
+  pass_.vertex_count = 21;
+}
+void HeptagonEffect::render(WGPURenderPassEncoder pass, float t, float b,
+                            float i, float a) {
+  struct {
+    float p, a, t, d;
+  } u = {i, a, t, 0.0f};
+  wgpuQueueWriteBuffer(queue_, uniforms_.buffer, 0, &u, sizeof(u));
+  wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetPipeline(pass, pass_.pipeline);
+  wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetBindGroup(pass, 0, pass_.bind_group, 0, nullptr);
+  wgpuRenderPassEncoderDraw(pass, pass_.vertex_count, 1, 0, 0);
+}
diff --git a/src/gpu/effects/moving_ellipse_effect.cc b/src/gpu/effects/moving_ellipse_effect.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..60fc825
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/gpu/effects/moving_ellipse_effect.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// This file is part of the 64k demo project.
+// It implements the MovingEllipseEffect.
+
+#include "gpu/demo_effects.h"
+#include "gpu/gpu.h"
+
+// --- MovingEllipseEffect ---
+MovingEllipseEffect::MovingEllipseEffect(WGPUDevice device, WGPUQueue queue,
+                                         WGPUTextureFormat format)
+    : queue_(queue) {
+  uniforms_ =
+      gpu_create_buffer(device, sizeof(float) * 4,
+                        WGPUBufferUsage_Uniform | WGPUBufferUsage_CopyDst);
+  ResourceBinding bindings[] = {{uniforms_, WGPUBufferBindingType_Uniform}};
+  pass_ =
+      gpu_create_render_pass(device, format, ellipse_shader_wgsl, bindings, 1);
+  pass_.vertex_count = 3;
+}
+void MovingEllipseEffect::render(WGPURenderPassEncoder pass, float t, float b,
+                                 float i, float a) {
+  struct {
+    float t, b, i, a;
+  } u = {t, b, i, a};
+  wgpuQueueWriteBuffer(queue_, uniforms_.buffer, 0, &u, sizeof(u));
+  wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetPipeline(pass, pass_.pipeline);
+  wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetBindGroup(pass, 0, pass_.bind_group, 0, nullptr);
+  wgpuRenderPassEncoderDraw(pass, 3, 1, 0, 0);
+}
diff --git a/src/gpu/effects/particle_spray_effect.cc b/src/gpu/effects/particle_spray_effect.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5e4292
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/gpu/effects/particle_spray_effect.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// This file is part of the 64k demo project.
+// It implements the ParticleSprayEffect.
+
+#include "gpu/demo_effects.h"
+#include "gpu/gpu.h"
+#include <vector>
+
+// --- ParticleSprayEffect ---
+ParticleSprayEffect::ParticleSprayEffect(WGPUDevice device, WGPUQueue queue,
+                                         WGPUTextureFormat format)
+    : queue_(queue) {
+  uniforms_ =
+      gpu_create_buffer(device, sizeof(float) * 4,
+                        WGPUBufferUsage_Uniform | WGPUBufferUsage_CopyDst);
+  std::vector<Particle> init_p(NUM_PARTICLES);
+  for (Particle& p : init_p)
+    p.pos[3] = 0.0f;
+  particles_buffer_ = gpu_create_buffer(
+      device, sizeof(Particle) * NUM_PARTICLES,
+      WGPUBufferUsage_Storage | WGPUBufferUsage_Vertex, init_p.data());
+  ResourceBinding cb[] = {{particles_buffer_, WGPUBufferBindingType_Storage},
+                          {uniforms_, WGPUBufferBindingType_Uniform}};
+  compute_pass_ =
+      gpu_create_compute_pass(device, particle_spray_compute_wgsl, cb, 2);
+  compute_pass_.workgroup_size_x = (NUM_PARTICLES + 63) / 64;
+  ResourceBinding rb[] = {
+      {particles_buffer_, WGPUBufferBindingType_ReadOnlyStorage},
+      {uniforms_, WGPUBufferBindingType_Uniform}};
+  render_pass_ =
+      gpu_create_render_pass(device, format, particle_render_wgsl, rb, 2);
+  render_pass_.vertex_count = 6;
+  render_pass_.instance_count = NUM_PARTICLES;
+}
+void ParticleSprayEffect::compute(WGPUCommandEncoder e, float t, float b,
+                                  float i, float a) {
+  struct {
+    float i, a, t, b;
+  } u = {i, a, t, b};
+  wgpuQueueWriteBuffer(queue_, uniforms_.buffer, 0, &u, sizeof(u));
+  WGPUComputePassEncoder pass = wgpuCommandEncoderBeginComputePass(e, nullptr);
+  wgpuComputePassEncoderSetPipeline(pass, compute_pass_.pipeline);
+  wgpuComputePassEncoderSetBindGroup(pass, 0, compute_pass_.bind_group, 0,
+                                     nullptr);
+  wgpuComputePassEncoderDispatchWorkgroups(pass, compute_pass_.workgroup_size_x,
+                                           1, 1);
+  wgpuComputePassEncoderEnd(pass);
+}
+void ParticleSprayEffect::render(WGPURenderPassEncoder pass, float t, float b,
+                                 float i, float a) {
+  wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetPipeline(pass, render_pass_.pipeline);
+  wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetBindGroup(pass, 0, render_pass_.bind_group, 0,
+                                    nullptr);
+  wgpuRenderPassEncoderDraw(pass, 6, NUM_PARTICLES, 0, 0);
+}
diff --git a/src/gpu/effects/particles_effect.cc b/src/gpu/effects/particles_effect.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..545fdfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/gpu/effects/particles_effect.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// This file is part of the 64k demo project.
+// It implements the ParticlesEffect.
+
+#include "gpu/demo_effects.h"
+#include "gpu/gpu.h"
+#include <vector>
+
+// --- ParticlesEffect ---
+ParticlesEffect::ParticlesEffect(WGPUDevice device, WGPUQueue queue,
+                                 WGPUTextureFormat format)
+    : queue_(queue) {
+  uniforms_ =
+      gpu_create_buffer(device, sizeof(float) * 4,
+                        WGPUBufferUsage_Uniform | WGPUBufferUsage_CopyDst);
+  std::vector<Particle> init_p(NUM_PARTICLES);
+  particles_buffer_ = gpu_create_buffer(
+      device, sizeof(Particle) * NUM_PARTICLES,
+      WGPUBufferUsage_Storage | WGPUBufferUsage_Vertex, init_p.data());
+  ResourceBinding cb[] = {{particles_buffer_, WGPUBufferBindingType_Storage},
+                          {uniforms_, WGPUBufferBindingType_Uniform}};
+  compute_pass_ = gpu_create_compute_pass(device, particle_compute_wgsl, cb, 2);
+  compute_pass_.workgroup_size_x = (NUM_PARTICLES + 63) / 64;
+  ResourceBinding rb[] = {
+      {particles_buffer_, WGPUBufferBindingType_ReadOnlyStorage},
+      {uniforms_, WGPUBufferBindingType_Uniform}};
+  render_pass_ =
+      gpu_create_render_pass(device, format, particle_render_wgsl, rb, 2);
+  render_pass_.vertex_count = 6;
+  render_pass_.instance_count = NUM_PARTICLES;
+}
+void ParticlesEffect::compute(WGPUCommandEncoder e, float t, float b, float i,
+                              float a) {
+  struct {
+    float p, a, t, d;
+  } u = {i, a, t, 0.0f};
+  wgpuQueueWriteBuffer(queue_, uniforms_.buffer, 0, &u, sizeof(u));
+  WGPUComputePassEncoder pass = wgpuCommandEncoderBeginComputePass(e, nullptr);
+  wgpuComputePassEncoderSetPipeline(pass, compute_pass_.pipeline);
+  wgpuComputePassEncoderSetBindGroup(pass, 0, compute_pass_.bind_group, 0,
+                                     nullptr);
+  wgpuComputePassEncoderDispatchWorkgroups(pass, compute_pass_.workgroup_size_x,
+                                           1, 1);
+  wgpuComputePassEncoderEnd(pass);
+}
+void ParticlesEffect::render(WGPURenderPassEncoder pass, float t, float b,
+                             float i, float a) {
+  wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetPipeline(pass, render_pass_.pipeline);
+  wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetBindGroup(pass, 0, render_pass_.bind_group, 0,
+                                    nullptr);
+  wgpuRenderPassEncoderDraw(pass, render_pass_.vertex_count,
+                            render_pass_.instance_count, 0, 0);
+}
diff --git a/src/gpu/effects/passthrough_effect.cc b/src/gpu/effects/passthrough_effect.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a00f661
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/gpu/effects/passthrough_effect.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// This file is part of the 64k demo project.
+// It implements the PassthroughEffect.
+
+#include "gpu/demo_effects.h"
+#include "gpu/gpu.h"
+
+// --- PassthroughEffect ---
+PassthroughEffect::PassthroughEffect(WGPUDevice device,
+                                     WGPUTextureFormat format)
+    : device_(device) {
+  uniforms_ =
+      gpu_create_buffer(device, sizeof(float) * 4,
+                        WGPUBufferUsage_Uniform | WGPUBufferUsage_CopyDst);
+  pipeline_ =
+      create_post_process_pipeline(device, format, passthrough_shader_wgsl);
+}
+void PassthroughEffect::update_bind_group(WGPUTextureView input_view) {
+  pp_update_bind_group(device_, pipeline_, &bind_group_, input_view, uniforms_);
+}
diff --git a/src/gpu/effects/post_process_helper.cc b/src/gpu/effects/post_process_helper.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c64844
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/gpu/effects/post_process_helper.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// This file is part of the 64k demo project.
+// It implements helper functions for post-processing effects.
+
+#include "../demo_effects.h"
+#include "gpu/gpu.h"
+#include <cstring>
+
+// Helper to create a standard post-processing pipeline
+WGPURenderPipeline
+create_post_process_pipeline(WGPUDevice device, WGPUTextureFormat format,
+                             const char* shader_code) {
+  WGPUShaderModuleDescriptor shader_desc = {};
+  WGPUShaderSourceWGSL wgsl_src = {};
+  wgsl_src.chain.sType = WGPUSType_ShaderSourceWGSL;
+  wgsl_src.code = str_view(shader_code);
+  shader_desc.nextInChain = &wgsl_src.chain;
+  WGPUShaderModule shader_module =
+      wgpuDeviceCreateShaderModule(device, &shader_desc);
+
+  WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry bgl_entries[3] = {};
+  bgl_entries[0].binding = 0;
+  bgl_entries[0].visibility = WGPUShaderStage_Fragment;
+  bgl_entries[0].sampler.type = WGPUSamplerBindingType_Filtering;
+  bgl_entries[1].binding = 1;
+  bgl_entries[1].visibility = WGPUShaderStage_Fragment;
+  bgl_entries[1].texture.sampleType = WGPUTextureSampleType_Float;
+  bgl_entries[1].texture.viewDimension = WGPUTextureViewDimension_2D;
+  bgl_entries[2].binding = 2;
+  bgl_entries[2].visibility = WGPUShaderStage_Fragment;
+  bgl_entries[2].buffer.type = WGPUBufferBindingType_Uniform;
+
+  WGPUBindGroupLayoutDescriptor bgl_desc = {};
+  bgl_desc.entryCount = 3;
+  bgl_desc.entries = bgl_entries;
+  WGPUBindGroupLayout bgl = wgpuDeviceCreateBindGroupLayout(device, &bgl_desc);
+
+  WGPUPipelineLayoutDescriptor pl_desc = {};
+  pl_desc.bindGroupLayoutCount = 1;
+  pl_desc.bindGroupLayouts = &bgl;
+  WGPUPipelineLayout pl = wgpuDeviceCreatePipelineLayout(device, &pl_desc);
+
+  WGPUColorTargetState color_target = {};
+  color_target.format = format;
+  color_target.writeMask = WGPUColorWriteMask_All;
+
+  WGPUFragmentState fragment_state = {};
+  fragment_state.module = shader_module;
+  fragment_state.entryPoint = str_view("fs_main");
+  fragment_state.targetCount = 1;
+  fragment_state.targets = &color_target;
+
+  WGPURenderPipelineDescriptor pipeline_desc = {};
+  pipeline_desc.layout = pl;
+  pipeline_desc.vertex.module = shader_module;
+  pipeline_desc.vertex.entryPoint = str_view("vs_main");
+  pipeline_desc.fragment = &fragment_state;
+  pipeline_desc.primitive.topology = WGPUPrimitiveTopology_TriangleList;
+  pipeline_desc.multisample.count = 1;
+  pipeline_desc.multisample.mask = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+
+  return wgpuDeviceCreateRenderPipeline(device, &pipeline_desc);
+}
+
+// --- PostProcess Implementation Helper ---
+void pp_update_bind_group(WGPUDevice device, WGPURenderPipeline pipeline,
+                                 WGPUBindGroup* bind_group,
+                                 WGPUTextureView input_view,
+                                 GpuBuffer uniforms) {
+  if (*bind_group)
+    wgpuBindGroupRelease(*bind_group);
+  WGPUBindGroupLayout bgl = wgpuRenderPipelineGetBindGroupLayout(pipeline, 0);
+  WGPUSamplerDescriptor sd = {};
+  sd.magFilter = WGPUFilterMode_Linear;
+  sd.minFilter = WGPUFilterMode_Linear;
+  sd.maxAnisotropy = 1;
+  WGPUSampler sampler = wgpuDeviceCreateSampler(device, &sd);
+  WGPUBindGroupEntry bge[3] = {};
+  bge[0].binding = 0;
+  bge[0].sampler = sampler;
+  bge[1].binding = 1;
+  bge[1].textureView = input_view;
+  bge[2].binding = 2;
+  bge[2].buffer = uniforms.buffer;
+  bge[2].size = uniforms.size;
+  WGPUBindGroupDescriptor bgd = {
+      .layout = bgl, .entryCount = 3, .entries = bge};
+  *bind_group = wgpuDeviceCreateBindGroup(device, &bgd);
+}
diff --git a/src/gpu/effects/post_process_helper.h b/src/gpu/effects/post_process_helper.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..098687b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/gpu/effects/post_process_helper.h
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// This file is part of the 64k demo project.
+// It declares helper functions for post-processing effects.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "gpu/gpu.h"
+#include <webgpu.h>
+
+// Helper to create a standard post-processing pipeline
+WGPURenderPipeline create_post_process_pipeline(WGPUDevice device, WGPUTextureFormat format,
+                                                const char* shader_code);
+
+// Helper to update bind group for post-processing effects
+void pp_update_bind_group(WGPUDevice device, WGPURenderPipeline pipeline,
+                          WGPUBindGroup* bind_group, WGPUTextureView input_view,
+                          GpuBuffer uniforms);
diff --git a/src/gpu/effects/shaders.cc b/src/gpu/effects/shaders.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e80230
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/gpu/effects/shaders.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
+// This file is part of the 64k demo project.
+// It defines WGSL shader code for various effects.
+
+#include "../demo_effects.h"
+
+const char* main_shader_wgsl = R"(
+struct Uniforms {
+    audio_peak: f32,
+    aspect_ratio: f32,
+    time: f32,
+};
+
+@group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> uniforms: Uniforms;
+
+@vertex fn vs_main(@builtin(vertex_index) i: u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
+    let PI = 3.14159265;
+    let num_sides = 7.0;
+    let scale = 0.5 + 0.3 * uniforms.audio_peak;
+    let tri_idx = f32(i / 3u);
+    let sub_idx = i % 3u;
+    if (sub_idx == 0u) {
+        return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
+    }
+    let angle = (tri_idx + f32(sub_idx - 1u)) * 2.0 * PI / num_sides + uniforms.time * 0.5;
+    return vec4<f32>(scale * cos(angle) / uniforms.aspect_ratio, scale * sin(angle), 0.0, 1.0);
+}
+
+@fragment fn fs_main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
+    let h = uniforms.time * 2.0 + uniforms.audio_peak * 3.0;
+    let r = sin(h) * 0.5 + 0.5;
+    let g = sin(h + 2.0) * 0.9 + 0.3;
+    let b = sin(h + 4.0) * 0.5 + 0.5;
+    let boost = uniforms.audio_peak * 0.5;
+    return vec4<f32>(r + boost, g + boost, b + boost, 1.0);
+})";
+
+const char* particle_compute_wgsl = R"(
+struct Particle {
+    pos: vec4<f32>,
+    vel: vec4<f32>,
+    rot: vec4<f32>,
+    color: vec4<f32>,
+};
+
+struct Uniforms {
+    audio_peak: f32,
+    aspect_ratio: f32,
+    time: f32,
+    beat: f32,
+};
+
+@group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> particles: array<Particle>;
+@group(0) @binding(1) var<uniform> uniforms: Uniforms;
+
+@compute @workgroup_size(64)
+fn main(@builtin(global_invocation_id) id: vec3<u32>) {
+    let i = id.x;
+    if (i >= arrayLength(&particles)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    var p = particles[i];
+    let new_pos = p.pos.xyz + p.vel.xyz * 0.016;
+    p.pos = vec4<f32>(new_pos, p.pos.w);
+    p.vel.y = p.vel.y - 0.01 * (1.0 + uniforms.audio_peak * 5.0);
+    p.rot.x = p.rot.x + p.rot.y * 0.016;
+    if (p.pos.y < -1.5) {
+        p.pos.y = 1.5;
+        p.pos.x = (f32(i % 100u) / 50.0) - 1.0 + (uniforms.audio_peak * 0.5);
+        p.vel.y = 0.0;
+    }
+    particles[i] = p;
+})";
+
+const char* particle_render_wgsl = R"(
+struct Particle {
+    pos: vec4<f32>,
+    vel: vec4<f32>,
+    rot: vec4<f32>,
+    color: vec4<f32>,
+};
+
+struct Uniforms {
+    audio_peak: f32,
+    aspect_ratio: f32,
+    time: f32,
+    beat: f32,
+};
+
+@group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read> particles: array<Particle>;
+@group(0) @binding(1) var<uniform> uniforms: Uniforms;
+
+struct VSOut {
+    @builtin(position) pos: vec4<f32>,
+    @location(0) color: vec4<f32>,
+};
+
+@vertex fn vs_main(@builtin(vertex_index) vi: u32, @builtin(instance_index) ii: u32) -> VSOut {
+    let p = particles[ii];
+    let size = 0.02 + p.pos.z * 0.01 + uniforms.audio_peak * 0.02;
+    var offsets = array<vec2<f32>, 6>(
+        vec2<f32>(-1, -1),
+        vec2<f32>(1, -1),
+        vec2<f32>(-1, 1),
+        vec2<f32>(-1, 1),
+        vec2<f32>(1, -1),
+        vec2<f32>(1, 1)
+    );
+    let offset = offsets[vi];
+    let c = cos(p.rot.x);
+    let s = sin(p.rot.x);
+    let rotated_offset = vec2<f32>(offset.x * c - offset.y * s, offset.x * s + offset.y * c);
+    let pos = vec2<f32>(p.pos.x + rotated_offset.x * size / uniforms.aspect_ratio, p.pos.y + rotated_offset.y * size);
+    return VSOut(vec4<f32>(pos, 0.0, 1.0), p.color * (0.5 + 0.5 * uniforms.audio_peak));
+}
+
+@fragment fn fs_main(@location(0) color: vec4<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
+    return color;
+}
+)";
+
+const char* passthrough_shader_wgsl = R"(
+@group(0) @binding(0) var smplr: sampler;
+@group(0) @binding(1) var txt: texture_2d<f32>;
+
+@vertex fn vs_main(@builtin(vertex_index) i: u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
+    var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 3>(
+        vec2<f32>(-1, -1),
+        vec2<f32>(3, -1),
+        vec2<f32>(-1, 3)
+    );
+    return vec4<f32>(pos[i], 0.0, 1.0);
+}
+
+@fragment fn fs_main(@builtin(position) p: vec4<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
+    return textureSample(txt, smplr, p.xy / vec2<f32>(1280.0, 720.0));
+})";
+
+const char* ellipse_shader_wgsl = R"(
+struct Uniforms {
+    time: f32,
+    beat: f32,
+    intensity: f32,
+    aspect_ratio: f32,
+};
+
+@group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> uniforms: Uniforms;
+
+@vertex fn vs_main(@builtin(vertex_index) i: u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
+    var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 3>(
+        vec2<f32>(-1.0, -1.0),
+        vec2<f32>(3.0, -1.0),
+        vec2<f32>(-1.0, 3.0)
+    );
+    return vec4<f32>(pos[i], 0.0, 1.0);
+}
+
+fn sdEllipse(p: vec2<f32>, ab: vec2<f32>) -> f32 {
+    var p_abs = abs(p);
+    if (p_abs.x > p_abs.y) {
+        p_abs = vec2<f32>(p_abs.y, p_abs.x);
+    }
+    let l = ab.y * ab.y - ab.x * ab.x;
+    let m = ab.x * p_abs.x / l;
+    let n = ab.y * p_abs.y / l;
+    let m2 = m * m;
+    let n2 = n * n;
+    let c = (m2 + n2 - 1.0) / 3.0;
+    let c3 = c * c * c;
+    let d = c3 + m2 * n2;
+    let g = m + m * n2;
+    var co: f32;
+    if (d < 0.0) {
+        let h = acos((c3 + m2 * n2 * 2.0) / c3) / 3.0;
+        let s = cos(h);
+        let t = sin(h) * sqrt(3.0);
+        co = (sqrt(-c * (s + t * 2.0) + m2) + sign(l) * sqrt(-c * (s - t * 2.0) + m2) + abs(g) / (sqrt(-c * (s + t * 2.0) + m2) * sqrt(-c * (s - t * 2.0) + m2)) - m) / 2.0;
+    } else {
+        let h = 2.0 * m * n * sqrt(d);
+        let s = sign(c3 + m2 * n2 + h) * pow(abs(c3 + m2 * n2 + h), 1.0 / 3.0);
+        let u = sign(c3 + m2 * n2 - h) * pow(abs(c3 + m2 * n2 - h), 1.0 / 3.0);
+        let rx = -s - u + m2 * 2.0;
+        let ry = (s - u) * sqrt(3.0);
+        co = (ry / sqrt(sqrt(rx * rx + ry * ry) - rx) + 2.0 * g / sqrt(rx * rx + ry * ry) - m) / 2.0;
+    }
+    let si = sqrt(max(0.0, 1.0 - co * co));
+    return length(p_abs - vec2<f32>(ab.x * co, ab.y * si)) * sign(p_abs.y * ab.x * co - p_abs.x * ab.y * si);
+}
+
+@fragment fn fs_main(@builtin(position) p: vec4<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
+    let uv = (p.xy / vec2<f32>(1280.0, 720.0) - 0.5) * 2.0;
+    let movement = vec2<f32>(sin(uniforms.time * 0.7), cos(uniforms.time * 0.5));
+    let d = sdEllipse((uv * vec2<f32>(uniforms.aspect_ratio, 1.0)) - movement, vec2<f32>(0.5, 0.3) * (1.0 + uniforms.beat * 0.2));
+    return mix(vec4<f32>(0.2, 0.8, 0.4, 1.0), vec4<f32>(0.0), smoothstep(0.0, 0.01, d));
+})";
+
+const char* particle_spray_compute_wgsl = R"(
+struct Particle {
+    pos: vec4<f32>,
+    vel: vec4<f32>,
+    rot: vec4<f32>,
+    color: vec4<f32>,
+};
+
+struct Uniforms {
+    intensity: f32,
+    aspect_ratio: f32,
+    time: f32,
+    beat: f32,
+};
+
+@group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> particles: array<Particle>;
+@group(0) @binding(1) var<uniform> uniforms: Uniforms;
+
+fn hash(p: f32) -> f32 {
+    return fract(sin(p) * 43758.5453);
+}
+
+@compute @workgroup_size(64)
+fn main(@builtin(global_invocation_id) id: vec3<u32>) {
+    let i = id.x;
+    if (i >= arrayLength(&particles)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    var p = particles[i];
+    if (p.pos.w <= 0.0) {
+        let r = hash(f32(i) + uniforms.time);
+        let angle = r * 6.28318;
+        p.pos = vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
+        p.vel = vec4<f32>(cos(angle), sin(angle), 0.0, 0.0) * (0.5 + hash(r) * 0.5) * (1.0 + uniforms.intensity * 2.0);
+        p.color = vec4<f32>(hash(r + 0.1), hash(r + 0.2), 1.0, 1.0);
+    }
+    let new_pos = p.pos.xyz + p.vel.xyz * 0.016;
+    p.pos = vec4<f32>(new_pos, p.pos.w - 0.01 * (1.0 + uniforms.beat));
+    p.vel.y = p.vel.y - 0.01;
+    particles[i] = p;
+})";
+
+const char* gaussian_blur_shader_wgsl = R"(
+@group(0) @binding(0) var smplr: sampler;
+@group(0) @binding(1) var txt: texture_2d<f32>;
+
+struct Uniforms {
+    time: f32,
+    beat: f32,
+    intensity: f32,
+    aspect_ratio: f32,
+};
+
+@group(0) @binding(2) var<uniform> uniforms: Uniforms;
+
+@vertex fn vs_main(@builtin(vertex_index) i: u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
+    var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 3>(
+        vec2<f32>(-1, -1),
+        vec2<f32>(3, -1),
+        vec2<f32>(-1, 3)
+    );
+    return vec4<f32>(pos[i], 0.0, 1.0);
+}
+
+@fragment fn fs_main(@builtin(position) p: vec4<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
+    let uv = p.xy / vec2<f32>(1280.0, 720.0);
+    var res = vec4<f32>(0.0);
+    let size = 5.0 * uniforms.intensity;
+    for (var x: f32 = -2.0; x <= 2.0; x += 1.0) {
+        for (var y: f32 = -2.0; y <= 2.0; y += 1.0) {
+            res += textureSample(txt, smplr, uv + vec2<f32>(x, y) * size / 1280.0);
+        }
+    }
+    return res / 25.0;
+})";
+
+const char* solarize_shader_wgsl = R"(
+@group(0) @binding(0) var smplr: sampler;
+@group(0) @binding(1) var txt: texture_2d<f32>;
+
+struct Uniforms {
+    time: f32,
+    beat: f32,
+    intensity: f32,
+    aspect_ratio: f32,
+};
+
+@group(0) @binding(2) var<uniform> uniforms: Uniforms;
+
+@vertex fn vs_main(@builtin(vertex_index) i: u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
+    var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 3>(
+        vec2<f32>(-1, -1),
+        vec2<f32>(3, -1),
+        vec2<f32>(-1, 3)
+    );
+    return vec4<f32>(pos[i], 0.0, 1.0);
+}
+
+@fragment fn fs_main(@builtin(position) p: vec4<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
+    let uv = p.xy / vec2<f32>(1280.0, 720.0);
+    var col = textureSample(txt, smplr, uv);
+    let thr = 0.5 + 0.3 * sin(uniforms.time);
+    if (col.r < thr) {
+        col.r = 1.0 - col.r;
+    }
+    if (col.g < thr) {
+        col.g = 1.0 - col.g;
+    }
+    if (col.b < thr) {
+        col.b = 1.0 - col.b;
+    }
+    return col;
+})";
+
+const char* distort_shader_wgsl = R"(
+@group(0) @binding(0) var smplr: sampler;
+@group(0) @binding(1) var txt: texture_2d<f32>;
+
+struct Uniforms {
+    time: f32,
+    beat: f32,
+    intensity: f32,
+    aspect_ratio: f32,
+};
+
+@group(0) @binding(2) var<uniform> uniforms: Uniforms;
+
+@vertex fn vs_main(@builtin(vertex_index) i: u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
+    var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 3>(
+        vec2<f32>(-1, -1),
+        vec2<f32>(3, -1),
+        vec2<f32>(-1, 3)
+    );
+    return vec4<f32>(pos[i], 0.0, 1.0);
+}
+
+@fragment fn fs_main(@builtin(position) p: vec4<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
+    let uv = p.xy / vec2<f32>(1280.0, 720.0);
+    let dist = 0.1 * uniforms.intensity * sin(uv.y * 20.0 + uniforms.time * 5.0);
+    return textureSample(txt, smplr, uv + vec2<f32>(dist, 0.0));
+})";
+
+const char* chroma_aberration_shader_wgsl = R"(
+@group(0) @binding(0) var smplr: sampler;
+@group(0) @binding(1) var txt: texture_2d<f32>;
+
+struct Uniforms {
+    time: f32,
+    beat: f32,
+    intensity: f32,
+    aspect_ratio: f32,
+};
+
+@group(0) @binding(2) var<uniform> uniforms: Uniforms;
+
+@vertex fn vs_main(@builtin(vertex_index) i: u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
+    var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 3>(
+        vec2<f32>(-1, -1),
+        vec2<f32>(3, -1),
+        vec2<f32>(-1, 3)
+    );
+    return vec4<f32>(pos[i], 0.0, 1.0);
+}
+
+@fragment fn fs_main(@builtin(position) p: vec4<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
+    let uv = p.xy / vec2<f32>(1280.0, 720.0);
+    let off = 0.02 * uniforms.intensity;
+    let r = textureSample(txt, smplr, uv + vec2<f32>(off, 0.0)).r;
+    let g = textureSample(txt, smplr, uv).g;
+    let b = textureSample(txt, smplr, uv - vec2<f32>(off, 0.0)).b;
+    return vec4<f32>(r, g, b, 1.0);
+})";
diff --git a/src/gpu/effects/shaders.h b/src/gpu/effects/shaders.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a23c41c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/gpu/effects/shaders.h
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// This file is part of the 64k demo project.
+// It declares the WGSL shader strings.
+
+#pragma once
+
+// Shader declarations (defined in shaders.cc)
+extern const char* main_shader_wgsl;
+extern const char* particle_compute_wgsl;
+extern const char* particle_render_wgsl;
+extern const char* passthrough_shader_wgsl;
+extern const char* ellipse_shader_wgsl;
+extern const char* particle_spray_compute_wgsl;
+extern const char* gaussian_blur_shader_wgsl;
+extern const char* solarize_shader_wgsl;
+extern const char* distort_shader_wgsl;
+extern const char* chroma_aberration_shader_wgsl;
diff --git a/src/gpu/effects/solarize_effect.cc b/src/gpu/effects/solarize_effect.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7c09de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/gpu/effects/solarize_effect.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// This file is part of the 64k demo project.
+// It implements the SolarizeEffect.
+
+#include "gpu/demo_effects.h"
+#include "gpu/gpu.h"
+
+// --- SolarizeEffect ---
+SolarizeEffect::SolarizeEffect(WGPUDevice device, WGPUQueue queue,
+                               WGPUTextureFormat format)
+    : device_(device), queue_(queue) {
+  uniforms_ =
+      gpu_create_buffer(device, sizeof(float) * 4,
+                        WGPUBufferUsage_Uniform | WGPUBufferUsage_CopyDst);
+  pipeline_ =
+      create_post_process_pipeline(device, format, solarize_shader_wgsl);
+}
+void SolarizeEffect::render(WGPURenderPassEncoder pass, float t, float b,
+                            float i, float a) {
+  struct {
+    float t, b, i, a;
+  } u = {t, b, i, a};
+  wgpuQueueWriteBuffer(queue_, uniforms_.buffer, 0, &u, sizeof(u));
+  PostProcessEffect::render(pass, t, b, i, a);
+}
+void SolarizeEffect::update_bind_group(WGPUTextureView v) {
+  pp_update_bind_group(device_, pipeline_, &bind_group_, v, uniforms_);
+}